The Neuroscience of Memory: How to Improve It at Any Age
By: Brian Hoeflinger, MD
June 23, 2025 | #51
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Disclaimer: Opinions are my own. Not medical advice.
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Medical Trivia of the Week
Damage to which brain structure would most likely cause difficulty forming new memories, especially facts and events? (the correct answer is at the end of this email)
- A) Amygdala
- B) Cerebellum
- C) Occipital lobe
- D) Hippocampus
The Neuroscience of Memory
Have you ever walked into a room and forgotten why you were there? Or had someone tell you their name, and a few seconds later, you couldn’t remember it?
You’re not alone.
Memory is one of the most amazing abilities of the human brain. It helps us remember names, facts, skills, and even the special moments that make life meaningful. But memory isn’t perfect, and it can change as we get older.
The good news? You can train your brain to remember better, no matter how old you are.
Let’s take a closer look at how memory works and what you can do to keep it strong.
How Does Memory Work?
Memory happens in different parts of the brain, but one of the most important is a small area called the hippocampus. Think of it as your brain’s “save button.”
Here’s a simple way to understand how memory works:
- You take in information (like reading this sentence).
- Your brain stores it (like putting a file in a cabinet).
- You pull it out later when you need it (like during a test or conversation).
There are different types of memory:
- Short-term memory: holds things for about 15 to 30 seconds.
- Long-term memory: stores things for days, months, or even years.
- Muscle memory: helps you do things like ride a bike or play an instrument.
What Hurts Memory?
Some things can make memory worse, including:
- Not enough sleep
Your brain cleans itself and stores memories while you sleep.
- Too much stress
Stress makes it harder for the brain to focus and remember.
- Poor diet and no exercise
Your brain needs healthy food and movement to stay sharp.
- Too much screen time or multitasking
Constant distractions make it hard for your brain to form strong memories.
5 Simple Ways to Boost Your Memory
Here are some memory-boosting habits that anyone can do:
- Get enough sleep
Try for 7 to 9 hours each night. Sleep helps your brain store and organize memories.
- Move your body
Exercise gets more blood and oxygen to your brain. Even walking 20 minutes a day helps!
- Eat brain-healthy foods
Leafy greens, berries, fish, and nuts are all great for memory.
- Practice mindfulness
Try focusing on your breath for 1 to 2 minutes a day. This helps train your brain to pay attention better.
- Challenge your brain
Learn something new. Try puzzles, reading, or even memorizing phone numbers, your brain is like a muscle that gets stronger with use.
Final Thought
Memory isn’t just for students or older adults, it’s something we all use every day. And just like muscles, your memory can grow stronger with the right care and practice.
So next time you forget where you left your keys or someone’s name, don’t panic. Just remember: your brain is always ready to learn.
Impactful Quote of the Week
"The beautiful thing about learning is that no one can take it away from you."
- B.B. King
All my best,
Brian Hoeflinger
P.S. - if you enjoyed this newsletter, you may enjoy my book that details my life as neurosurgeon and the loss of my oldest son, Brian (see below a synopsis).
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Medical Trivia Answer:
The correct answer is D) Hippocampus
